According to the World Health Organization, endometriosis is a gynaecological condition affecting about 10% of women and girls globally. It is a condition where the lining of the uterus, commonly known as the womb, grows in other parts of the body, like ovaries and the fallopian tubes. It causes a chronic inflammatory reaction that may result in the formation of scar tissue (adhesions, fibrosis) within the pelvis and other parts of the body.
Endometriosis can develop in any girl or woman who has menstrual periods, but it is common among women in the 30s and 40s which may make it harder to fall pregnant. However, it is important to note that the condition is benign – not cancerous.
Studies have shown that many people do not have knowledge about the disease nor its symptoms. Women know more than men but still the percentage of women who are unaware is alarming. The awareness month for the condition was in March where various healthcare startups and pharmacies spread relevant knowledge about the condition through their digital platforms in order to overcome the awareness barrier.
Like any other condition, Endometriosis has various symptoms, which may vary across many women and girls. These include:
- Infertility problems
- Heavy menstrual periods
- Extreme menstrual cramps
- Pain in the bowel area while urinating
The cause of endometriosis is unknown but it is thought by experts to arise due to:
- Retrograde Menstruation that may cause endometrial-like cells to be deposited in other parts such as the fallopian tubes.
- Cellular metaplasia
- Stem cells that may spread via the blood or lymphatic vessels
There is no current cure for the disease but there are treatments in place to relieve pain. According to the Endometriosis Association, some treatment plans include:
- Pain medication
- Surgery
- Hormonal Therapy